Critical Time in Adolescent Age

Hey, guest, do you know, teen-age time very sensitive to the happening of assorted problem, physical growth fast incommensurate to development psikis and influence hormonal make a in time adolesensi be very labile. Development psikososial fast in time adolesensi make often the happening of conflict, aggresive behaviour, less patient, thin-skinned, less self confidence, less happy, dependence in decision making.

Root cause morbiditas principal in a periode of adolesense effect of dangerous behaviour, that is ingredient use psikotropika, activity sexual, and motor vehicle with consequence short-range and long-range. because morbiditas another covers disease kronik, emotion disturbance and behavior difference sold out/ spritual, especially depression and difference eats, reproduction function disturbance.

Adolescent from Indonesia
Biopsychosocial development during adolescence
Early Adolescence (Age 10 - 13 years)

Characteristic	Impact
Onsent of puberty, becomes concerned with developing body	Adolescent has major questions concerning Normalcy of physical maturation; often concerned about the stages of sexual development and how his her process relates to peers of same gender. Occasional masturbation.
Begins to expand social radius beyond family and concentrate on relationships with peers	Can begin to encourage some external responsibilities alone in consultation with parents, i.e., visit with health care provider, contacts with school counselors.
Cognition is usually concrete	Concrete thinking necessitates dealing with most health situations in a simple, explicit manner using visual as well as verbal cues.

Middle Adolescence ( age 14-16 years )

Characteristics	Impact
Pubertal development usually complete and sexual drives emerge	Explores ability to attract opposites. Sexual behavior and experimentation (same and opposite sex) begin. Masturbation increases.
Peer group sets behavioral standards, although family values usually persist	Peer group will often have an effect on compliance; peers rather than parents may offer key support and guidance; able to discus and negotiate changes in rules.
Conflicts over independence	Ambivalence on part of adolescent in discussion and negotiation.
Cognition begins to be abstract	Begins to consider full range of possibilities with poor ability to integrate into real life because ego identity not fully formed and cognitive growth not complete

Late adolescence (Age 17 – 21 years)

Characteristic	Impact
Physical maturation complete. Body image and gender role definition is secured	The adolescent begins to feel comfortable with relationships and decisions regarding sexuality and preference. Movement to individual relationships being more important than peer group.
Relationships are no longer narcissistic; there is a process of giving and sharing	Adolescent more open to specific questioning regarding behavior
Idealistic	Idealism may lead to conflicts with family
Emancipation is nearly secured	With emancipation, the consequences of his actions
Cognitive development is complete	Most are capable of understanding a full range of options for health issues
Functional role begins to be defined	Often interested in significant discussion of life goals because this is the primary function of this stage.

Do you know that root cause in a period of adolesense consequence death dispute in accident related to dangerous behaviour, murder and kill self. because other disease kardiovaskuler and cruelty

Medical consequence of risk behaviors

Risk behavior	Short – term	Long – term
Cigarettes	Nicotine addiction, elevated WBC count, decreased high – density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, chronic respiratory illness, decline in pulmonary function test results	Increase in cancer of lungs, larynx, esophagus, oral cavity, heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease; increased overall mortality
Smokeless tobacco	Nicotine addiction, periodontal disease (leukoplakia, gingival recession, dental caries)	Oral – pharyngeal cancer
Alcohol	Abnormal liver function test results, gastritis	Chronic liver disease, protein malnutrition, global dementia, peripheral neuropathy, cronic pancreatitis
Marijuana	Decreased pulmonary function chronic bronchitis, decreased testosterone levels, gynecomastia, impaired sperm numbers and function, impaired ovulatory patterns	Increased risk of lung cancer, a motivational syndrome
Motor/ recreational vehicle use	Trauma	Chronic disability
Sexual activity	Sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy	Infertility, ectopic, pregnancy, chronic infection, genital cancers, AIDS/ HIV Infection, chronic pelvic pain, congenital STD in off-spring.

Adapted and modified from Irwin CE, Jr., Ryan SA. Pediatr Rev 10:235-246,1989.

AIDS/ HIV, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/ human immunodeficiency virus; STD, sexually transmitted disease; WBC, white blood cell.

References

Shafer MB, Irwin CE. The adolescent patient. In : Rudolph AM, Hoffman JIE. Rudolph CD, editor . Rudolph's pediatrics; edition to 19. Norwaik: Applenton & Lange, 1991; 39-50

Litt IF, Vaughan III VC .Growth and development during adolescence. In : Behrman RE, Vaughan III VC, editor . Nelson textbook of pediatrics; edition to 13. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1987; 20-4